Between Sharia Objectives and Democratic Values: Are Restrictions on Young Voters in Line with Electoral Justice in Indonesia?
Keywords:
Maqashid Shariah, Age of voting rights, ElectionsAbstract
Indonesia’s democratic system has generated substantial debate concerning age requirements for voters and those seeking political office. At the heart of this discussion lies Constitutional Court Ruling 90/PUU-XXI/2023, which allows candidates under 40 to run for president or vice president if they have previously held regional executive positions. The Supreme Court also set 30 as the minimum age for those pursuing gubernatorial or deputy gubernatorial positions via Decision 23 P/HUM/2024. This study examines how perspectives on age-based voting qualifications are shifting when viewed through Maqashid Syariah frameworks. The research approach merges normative legal methodology with legislative review to comprehend the transformation of age-related electoral regulations while evaluating their effects on democratic equity and leadership standards using Islamic legal principles. The findings indicate that age-based electoral restrictions warrant relaxation, contending that numerical age has become an unreliable measure of political maturity or sound judgment. Through the lens of Islamic governance philosophy, governmental structures should emphasize public benefit in alignment with Shariah purposes, adhering to the core tenet that governmental authority must advance communal well-being. The study calls for rethinking age limitations based on the Islamic jurisprudential doctrine that restrictions demand sound rationale, suggesting that age-based barriers possess insufficient legal grounding. Moreover, the doctrine of contextual legal reasoning demonstrates that jurisprudential understandings should adapt according to evolving contexts, temporal periods, geographical settings, and community requirements. Therefore, a persuasive argument exists for reevaluating existing age-based electoral regulations to ensure fair democratic participation for all stakeholders in both nationwide and local elections.
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