Kecerdasan Buatan dalam Fatwa Kontemporer: Analisis Maqashid al-Syariah terhadap Regulasi Artificial Intelligence di Negara-Negara Berpenduduk Muslim
Keywords:
Artificial Intelligence, Fatwa, Maqashid al-Shari'ah, Collective Ijtihad, Islamic EthicsAbstract
The rapid expansion of artificial intelligence (AI) poses fundamental challenges to Islamic legal tradition, particularly as AI systems operate autonomously beyond the framework of taklif (legal subjecthood) recognized in classical fiqh. This study analyzes the institutional responses of Islamic fatwa bodies to AI and evaluates AI regulations in Muslim-majority countries through the Maqashid al-Shari'ah framework. A qualitative normative-comparative approach was employed, combining content analysis of fatwas from MUI, DSN-MUI, OIC Fiqh Academy, and Dar al-Ifta Egypt with a comparative analysis of AI regulations from UAE, Saudi Arabia, Malaysia, Indonesia, and Pakistan. The evaluative framework draws on Ibn Ashur's and Auda's systemic Maqashid al-Shari'ah approach. Existing fatwas remain general and have not specifically addressed AI's full complexity; a significant gap exists between technological innovation pace and the fatwa response capacity. AI regulations across Muslim-majority states cluster into two poles: technocratic approaches (UAE, Saudi Arabia) with minimal Islamic value references, and semi-integrative to integrative approaches (Malaysia, Indonesia) incorporating Maqashid principles. Analysis of the five Maqashid dimensions reveals significant normative relevance across all aspects of AI. Conclusion: The Maqashid al-Shari'ah framework, particularly Auda's systemic approach, constitutes an adaptive methodological platform for AI evaluation. Collective interdisciplinary ijtihad and substantive integration of Maqashid principles into national AI regulations of Muslim-majority countries are urgently needed
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